이에 간호사가 간호조직에서 어떤 리더십을 어떻게 리더십을 발휘해야 하는지에 대해 학습하는데 도움이 될 교재를 찾던 중 Sullivan and Decker의 “Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing” 원서를 접하게 되었습니다. 원서의 배경이 미국사회이기 때문에 한국의 간호조직문화와 차이가 있는 내용도 상당 부분 있어 이 부분에 대해서는 고려와 양해가 필요하나 대체적으로 간호리더십에 대한 갈증을 해소해 줄 수 있는 유익한 내용이라고 판단되어 과감하게 편역을 시도하였습니다.
1부
리더십의 이해 ··········································· 15
1장. 지도, 관리, 팔로윙 ································ 17
1. 지도자와 관리자 ·········································· 18
2. 리더십 ······················································ 18
3. 리더십 이론 ··············································· 19
특성 이론 ··················································· 19
행동 이론 ··················································· 19
상황 이론 ··················································· 23
4. 현대 이론 ·················································· 27
양자 리더십 ················································ 27
카리스마적 리더십 ········································ 27
거래적 리더십 ·············································· 28
변혁적 리더십 ·············································· 28
관계적 리더십 ·············································· 28
공유적 리더십 ·············································· 29
섬기는 리더십 ·············································· 30
5. 관리 기능 ·················································· 30
고전적 정의 ················································ 30
관리활동 모형 ·············································· 34
6. 간호관리자 ················································ 34
간호관리자의 자질 ········································ 35
일선 간호관리자 ··········································· 36
책임간호사 ················································· 37
임상간호지도자 ············································ 37
7. 팔로워십: 리더십의 필수 요소 ························· 38
8. 성공하는 지도자는 어떻게 될 수 있나? ·············· 38
참된 지도자 ················································ 39
감성적 지도자 ·············································· 39
2장. 변화의 선도와 수행 ······························· 43
1. 왜 변화해야 하는가? ···································· 44
2. 변화의 주체로서의 간호사 ····························· 44
3. 변화 이론 ·················································· 45
4. 변화 과정 ·················································· 46
사정 ························································· 46
기획 ························································· 48
수행 ························································· 48
평가 ························································· 49
5. 변화 전략 ·················································· 50
권력적-강제적 전략 ······································ 50
경험적-합리적 모델 ······································ 50
규범적-재교육적 전략 ···································· 51
6. 변화에 대한 저항 ········································· 51
7. 간호사의 역할 ············································ 54
변화의 선도 ················································ 54
변화 수행 ··················································· 55
8. 지속적인 변화 다루기 ··································· 56
3장. 질 관리 ················································ 59
1. 질 관리 ····················································· 60
총체적 질 관리 ············································· 60
지속적 질 향상 ············································· 62
질 관리의 구성요소 ······································· 63
식스 시그마 ················································ 65
린 식스 시그마 ············································· 66
2. 간호의 질 향상 ············································ 66
질이 비용에 미치는 영향 ································· 67
간호 인력 ··················································· 67
투약오류 줄이기 ··········································· 67
3. 위험 관리 ·················································· 67
간호사의 위험 관리 역할 ································· 68
위험 사건 사례들 ·········································· 69
간호관리자의 역할 ········································ 71
비난 없는 환경 조성 ······································ 74
4장. 권력과 정치의 이해 ······························· 77
1. 왜 권력이 필요한가? ···································· 78
2. 권력과 리더십 ············································ 78
3. 권력, 관리자와 리더는 권력을 어떻게 수행하는가? ··· 79
4. 권력 이용하기 ············································ 81
권력으로써의 이미지 ······································ 81
권력을 적절하게 이용하기 ······························· 83
권력에 비전을 더하기 ····································· 84
5. 정치 : 영향력 있는 예술 ································· 85
6. 정책과 정치 활동 ········································· 86
사회에서의 정치 활동 ····································· 89
7. 간호의 미래를 위한 권력과 정치의 이용 ············· 89
2부
효과적인 리더십 ······································· 93
5장. 비판적 사고, 의사 결정, 문제해결 ················ 95
1. 비판적 사고 ··············································· 96
비판적 사고 이용하기 ····································· 96
창의성 ······················································· 98
2. 결정 내리기 ··············································· 99
결정의 종류 ·············································· 100
의사 결정의 조건 ········································ 100
의사 결정의 과정 ········································ 102
의사 결정의 테크닉 ····································· 103
집단 의사 결정 ··········································· 104
장애물 ····················································· 106
3. 문제 해결 ················································ 107
문제 해결 방법 ··········································· 107
문제 해결 과정 ··········································· 108
집단적 문제 해결 ········································ 111
6장. 효과적인 의사소통 ······························ 115
1. 의사소통 ················································· 116
의사소통의 형태 ········································· 116
왜곡된 의사소통 ········································· 117
의사소통의 방향성 ······································ 117
성별에 따른 의사소통 차이 ···························· 119
세대와 문화에 따른 의사소통 차이점 ················· 119
조직 문화에서의 차이점 ································ 120
2. 지도자의 의사소통의 역할 ··························· 120
3. 다른 계층과의 의사소통 ······························ 121
하급자 ····················································· 121
상급자 ····················································· 122
동료 ······················································· 124
의료진 ····················································· 124
기타 건강관리자 ········································· 126
환자와 가족 ·············································· 126
4. 어려운 사람과의 의사소통 ··························· 126
5. 의사소통 기술의 강화 ································· 128
7장. 성공적인 위임 ···································· 131
1. 위임의 정의 ············································· 132
책임과 책무 ·············································· 132
권한 ······················································· 132
분담과 위임 ·············································· 133
위임과 덤핑(떠넘기기) ·································· 133
2. 위임의 장점 ············································· 133
간호사 측면 ·············································· 133
피위임자 측면 ············································ 133
관리자 측면 ·············································· 134
조직 측면 ················································· 134
3. 위임의 과정 ············································· 134
4. 위임의 수용 ············································· 136
5. 위임의 장애 ············································· 137
비지지적인 환경 ········································· 138
불안정한 위임자 ········································· 138
마지못해 하는 피위임자 ································ 139
6. 비효과적인 위임 ········································ 141
불필요한 중복 ············································ 141
과소위임 ·················································· 141
역위임 ····················································· 141
과대위임 ·················································· 142
7. 의무와 위임 ············································· 143
8장. 팀 빌딩 ·············································· 145
1. 그룹과 팀의 구별 ······································· 146
2. 팀 형성 과정 ············································ 149
3. 팀 빌딩 ··················································· 150
4. 그룹의 특징 ············································· 152
규범 ······················································· 152
역할 ······················································· 153
5. 그룹 내 의사소통 ······································· 154
6. 그룹이 어떻게 개인에게 영향을 미치는가? ······· 154
그룹 생산성과 응집력 ··································· 155
발전과 성장 ·············································· 156
7. 팀 리더로서의 간호관리자 ··························· 156
그룹과업 ·················································· 156
그룹 크기와 구성 ······································· 157
팀수행 평가 ·············································· 157
8. 위원회와 프로젝트팀 지도 ··························· 159
회의 지휘를 위한 안내 ·································· 159
프로젝트팀 관리 ········································· 160
9. 환자간호 집담회 ········································ 162
9장. 갈등 관리 ··········································· 165
1. 갈등 ······················································· 166
2. 갈등과정 모델 ·········································· 167
이전 상황 ················································· 167
지각된 그리고 감지된 갈등 ···························· 169
갈등 행위 ················································· 169
갈등 해결 혹은 억압 ···································· 170
결과 ······················································· 170
3. 갈등 관리하기 ·········································· 170
Filley의 전략 ············································· 172
기타 전략 ················································· 173
4. 약자 괴롭히기: 갈등의 독특한 사례 ················ 175
10장. 시간 관리 ········································· 177
1. 시간 낭비 요인 ·········································· 178
시간분석 ·················································· 179
관리자의 시간 ············································ 179
2. 목표설정 ················································· 179
우선순위 결정 ············································ 181
일일계획과 스케줄링 ···································· 181
활동의 분류와 일상 업무의 최소화 ···················· 182
개인 조직화와 자기 훈련 ······························· 182
3. 방해 통제하기 ·········································· 184
전화 ······················································· 184
이메일 ····················································· 185
불시 방문객 ·············································· 185
문서업무 ·················································· 186
4. 시간 존중하기 ·········································· 186
3부
재무 자원 관리 ······································· 189
11장. 직원 모집 및 선발 ····························· 191
1. 직원응모 및 선발과정 ································· 192
2. 모집 ······················································· 195
살펴보아야 할 장소 ····································· 196
모집시기 ·················································· 196
조직을 소개하는 방법 ··································· 196
3. 면접 ······················································· 197
효과적인 면접 원리 ····································· 198
면접의 신뢰성과 유효성 ································ 202
4. 정보의 통합 ············································· 202
12장. 인력배치와 근무계획표 작성 ················· 205
1. 인력관리 ················································· 206
환자분류체계 ············································· 206
간호시간 결정 ············································ 207
전일제 환산 직원수(FTEs)의 결정 ···················· 208
근무자 수 결정 ··········································· 208
2. 근무계획표 작성 ········································ 209
창의적이고 유동적인 인력 배치 ······················· 209
자율 인력 배치와 근무계획표 작성 ···················· 209
인력 보충 ················································· 210
13장. 직무수행 평가 ·································· 213
1. 직무수행 평가 ·········································· 214
평가의 구성요소 ········································· 215
평가 방법 ················································· 217
잠재적인 평가의 문제 ··································· 218
2. 평가자 ···················································· 221
직무수행의 기록 ········································· 222
직무수행능력의 문제점 진단 ··························· 224
직무수행평가 면담 ······································ 225
3. 평가의 정확성 증진 ···································· 228
평가자의 능력 ············································ 228
평가자의 동기부여 ······································ 229
4. 실무능력 평가 ·········································· 229
5. 경험 법칙 ················································ 230
14장. 코칭, 훈육, 해고 ································ 233
1. 일상적 코칭하기 ········································ 234
2. 정책 위반 다루기 ······································· 235
3. 훈육 ······················································· 236
4. 직원 해고 ················································ 237
15장. 이직 관리 ········································· 243
1. 이직 감소 ················································ 244
간호 이직의 비용 ········································ 244
이직 원인 ················································· 245
자발적 이직 이해하기 ··································· 245
2. 직원 유지 ················································ 246
건강한 업무 환경 ········································ 246
급여 인상 ················································· 247
직원 보유를 위한 관리 전략 ···························· 247
임상경력개발제도 ······································· 250
멘토링 ····················································· 251
코칭 ······················································· 252
훈련프로그램 ············································· 252
16장. 결근과 직원 문제 관리하기 ················ 255
1. 결근 ······················································· 256
직원 출근 모델 ··········································· 256
직원 결근 관리하기 ····································· 259
결근 방침 ················································· 260
직원 선발과 결근 관리 ·································· 260
간병휴가와 병가 ········································· 261
2. 직원 문제 ················································ 261
역량부족 직원 ············································ 262
불만을 품은 직원 ········································ 262
불손한 직원 ·············································· 262
17장. 직장 폭력 관리 ································· 267
1. 보건 의료에서의 폭력 ································· 268
사고현장 ·················································· 268
폭력의 영향 ·············································· 268
보건의료에서 폭력을 유발하는 요소 ·················· 268
2. 폭력 예방하기 ·········································· 269
허용한계가 없는(Zero-Tolerance) 정책 ············· 269
보고와 교육 ·············································· 269
환경적 통제 ·············································· 270
3. 폭력 다루기 ············································· 270
구두 중재 ················································· 270
폭력 현장 ················································· 270
사고 대처 방법 ··········································· 271
18장. 노사 관리 ········································· 275
1. 단체교섭 ················································· 276
개요 - 노동조합을 통제하는 법 ······················· 276
2. 간호사가 조합에 가입하는 이유는? ················ 277
3. 노동조합화 과정 ········································ 277
협약을 공인하기 ········································· 277
협약 관리하기 ············································ 278
협약 철회하기 ············································ 278
간호 관리자의 역할 ····································· 278
4. 간호사를 위한 단체교섭 ······························ 280
미국 간호연맹과 단체 교섭 ···························· 280
단체 교섭의 미래 ········································ 281
4부
자가관리와 경력개발 ······························ 283
19장. 스트레스 관리 ·································· 285
1. 스트레스의 본질 ········································ 286
2. 스트레스의 원인 ········································ 287
조직적 요인 ·············································· 287
대인관계 요인 ············································ 287
개인적 요인 ·············································· 288
3. 스트레스의 영향 ········································ 290
4. 스트레스 관리 ·········································· 291
개인적 관리 방법 ········································ 291
조직적 관리 방법 ········································ 292
20장. 경력 개발 ········································· 295
1. 비전 수립 ················································ 296
2. 첫 직장 취업 ············································ 296
지원 ······················································· 297
면접 ······················································· 297
3. 경력개발 구축 ·········································· 297
경력 목록 작성 ··········································· 298
학습 욕구 확인 ··········································· 300
4. 멘토를 구하고 활용 ···································· 301
5. 경력개발 관련 전직 계획 ····························· 302
전직 계획 ················································· 302
이직 ······················································· 302
6. 계획 실패 ················································ 303
직장생활 대처 ··········································· 303
변화에 부응 ·············································· 303
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